Introduction to Part 2 and Chapter 3

Introduction to Part 2 (109):

• Human community increasingly spread across the planet, encompassing more people and larger territories
• First Civilizations "breaking down" - Technological and economic
• Consequential changes: destroyed city Carthage in North Africa
• Hierarchies were not familiar with change and challenge
• Thematic Fashion - Eurasian/North African Civilization
• Human Journey - remarkable achievements, continuing power

Chapter 3:

EMPIRES AND CIVILIZATIONS IN COLLISION: THE PERSIANS AND THE GREEKS

1. Mediterranean world - Persian Empire and Greek Civilizations emerged, long interactions and clashes
2. Established political system, cultural values, and ways to organize their societies

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

1. Largest, impressive
2. Kings = Monarchs; willing to take down religious regions and officials
3. Effective Admin called Satraps
4. "Eyes and ears of kings"
5. Egypt and Babylon, Persian Kings took care to uphold local religious colts (121)

THE GREEKS

1. Huge, centralized 
2. Divided by steep mountains and valleys (123)
3. In greek civilizations, wealthy and well-born men has the rights of full citizenship
4. Women, slaves, and foreigners took up the other portion of population
5. Sparta - famous for extreme of military discipline (125)

COMPARING EMPIRES: ROMAN AND CHINESE

1. Both emphasized territorial expansion
2. China - Confucianism identified principles necessary for political and social order, emphasized the emperor's divine majesty (links to heaven)
3. Rome -Bureaucracy was less complex, greater emphasis on law codes
4. Rome - Used colonies to foster unity and integration throughout the empire
5. Chine was revived - Confucianism lasted forever